The powerful Pumas outfit - who will also play the Lions in a warm-up game at Cardiff on May 23 - will replace last year's winners New Zealand Maori in the four-team event, which takes place from June 19-26.
England face host nation Canada in their semi-final at Edmonton's Commonwealth Stadium, with Argentina tackling the USA. Both games are on June 19, before the final seven days later.
"With the British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand this summer, the Churchill Cup will be a good chance for England players not involved in the Lions to still take part in a competitive tournament," said Rugby Football Union performance director Chris Spice.



